author(s)
Gopika MK and Dr. Sunil Chauhan

abstract
Limonium (limonium) hybrids and cultivars are popular as fresh or dried cut flowers, but only for a select few species. In a field that thrives on change, businesses are continuously on the lookout for methods to experiment with new varieties of plants. Woody fruit species have a high degree of heterozygosity, a long juvenile period, and auto-incompatibility, all of which prevent their improvement by conventional plant breeding methods. The advent of NBTs like as RNAi, trans-grafting, cisgenesis / intragenesis, and genome editing tools like zinc-finger and CRISPR/Cas9 has opened the door to more efficient and accurate plant genetic engineering. The use of genetic diversity followed by several generations of selection is the process through which crops are improved. All of these tried-and-true procedures take too much time. When possible, breeders have always relied on cutting-edge tools. The past twenty years have seen significant advancement thanks to the introduction of biotechnology. The sequencing of genomes has opened the door to a comprehensive understanding of the organization of protein-coding genes inside the chromosomes of any species. Non-coding elements, like as transposons and promoters, are essential to comprehending evolution and diversity, and this knowledge is provided via genome sequencing. Many elements of an organism's biology, including the degree and pattern of genetic diversity and the development of its genome, are influenced by breeding systems, although this fact is frequently overlooked. Hermaphroditic vs male/female and other conditions go under the category of 'sex systems,' whereas inbreeding, outcrossing, and intermediate all fall under the category of 'mating systems' when discussing hermaphroditic populations. Plant variety preservation led to a rise in the release of novel plant species. Increased breeding activity and encouragement of new types of breeders like private breeders, researchers, and farmer-breeders were linked to the introduction of the UPOV system of plant variety protection (PVP), as were the formation of partnerships, including public-private cooperation. New, protected varieties that benefited farmers, growers, industry, and consumers were developed when plant variety protection was implemented, boosting the economy as a whole. Plant variety protection helps boost economic growth in rural areas and increase export competitiveness by protecting existing plant varieties from being copied.